Understanding Subcutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

As a medical professional, it is essential to stay abreast of the latest developments in lupus erythematosus. Subcutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) is one such condition that can be challenging to diagnose and manage. In this blog post, we will explore everything you need to know about SCLE, including its symptoms, causes, and treatment options. Whether you are a dermatologist or primary care physician, this comprehensive guide will equip you with the knowledge necessary to provide optimal care for patients with SCLE. 

What is subcutaneous lupus erythematosus?

Subcutaneous lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that primarily affects the skin. It is estimated to affect up to 1 in every 200,000 people worldwide and can occur at any age, though it is most commonly diagnosed in young adults. The exact cause of SLE is unknown, but it is thought to be triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms of SLE can vary widely in both severity and duration. They may include fatigue, joint pain, muscle aches, fever, rash, mouth ulcers, hair loss, and Raynaud’s phenomenon (cold fingers or toes). Many of these symptoms are also seen in other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or dermatomyositis. The most distinguishing feature of SLE is a characteristic rash called “butterfly rash” which typically appears on the face across the cheeks and nose. This rash may be present even when other symptoms are not present and can range from mild to severe. Other common skin manifestations include photosensitivity (a severe sensitivity to sunlight), discoid lupus (raised scaly lesions), and subcutaneous lupus nodules (painful lumps under the skin). SLE can also cause serious internal organ damage if left untreated. The most common organs affected are the kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain. 

Symptoms of subcutaneous lupus erythematosus

Subcutaneous lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect the skin, joints, and/or organs. The most common symptoms of SLE are chronic inflammation and photosensitivity of the skin. Additional symptoms can include: Joint pain and/or swelling, Muscle pain, Fatigue, Fever, Weight loss, Skin rashes (usually on the face, chest, or back), Organ damage (e.g., to the kidneys, nervous system, or heart). SLE can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms can mimic other conditions, such as psoriasis or rosacea. A thorough medical history and physical examination are usually required to make a diagnosis. Blood tests, including a complete blood count (CBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and antinuclear antibody (ANA) test, may also be ordered. A biopsy of the affected skin may also be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

Causes of subcutaneous lupus erythematosus

There are many possible causes of subcutaneous lupus erythematosus (SLE), and it is often difficult to determine the specific cause in any given individual. However, certain factors have been associated with an increased risk of developing SLE, including: Genetics: SLE is more common in certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Asians, and Native Americans. This may be due to genetic factors, as SLE has been shown to run in families. Environmental factors: Exposure to ultraviolet light (from the sun or tanning beds) is a known trigger for SLE flares. Other environmental triggers include infections, stress, and certain medications. Autoimmune disorders: Having another autoimmune disorder such as rheumatoid arthritis or Grave’s disease increases the risk of developing SLE. Hormonal factors: Women are affected by SLE far more often than men, and the condition often worsens during pregnancy or times of high stress. This suggests that hormones play a role in the development and/or exacerbation of SLE.

Treatment for subcutaneous lupus erythematosus

There is no cure for subcutaneous lupus erythematosus (SLE), but there are treatments that can help manage the condition. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent flares. The type of treatment will be based on the severity of your SLE and how it is affecting your quality of life. Treatment may include: Topical steroids or oral steroids: These can help reduce inflammation and rash. Antimalarial drugs: These can help relieve skin lesions and joint pain. Immunosuppressive drugs: These can help control severe disease activity. UV light therapy: This can help control rash and inflammation.

Conclusion

Subcutaneous lupus erythematosus is a rare and complex condition that requires specialized treatment. This article has provided medical professionals with an overview of the signs, symptoms, causes, and treatments associated with subcutaneous lupus erythematosus to help them better diagnose and treat this condition. With early diagnosis and proper management, patients can have improved quality of life outcomes from this disease.